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The Oracle of Reason : ウィキペディア英語版 | The Oracle of Reason
''The Oracle of Reason, or Philosophy Vindicated'' was the first avowedly atheistic periodical to be published in Britain.〔According to Stein (1985, p.635), the ''Oracle'' was the "first openly atheistic magazine ever published in English (and perhaps in any language)." Edward Royle, however, said that it "should be more accurately viewed as only one of a number of similar papers which were produced both in the years of social tension following the Napoleonic wars and again in the 'hungry forties'. What set the ''Oracle'' apart from its contemporaries was not its message but its language." (Royle 1974, p.75).〕 It was founded by Charles Southwell, William Chilton and John Field in 1841,〔According to Holyoake (1906, p.142), the "Defiant syndicate of four" responsible for the ''Oracle'' consisted of Southwell, Holyoake, Ryall and Chilton. Field is named in Royle 1974, p.72. The ''Oracle of Reason'' was published by "Field, Southwell and Co." ()〕 and lasted until 1843. Several of its editors were imprisoned for blasphemy. ==History== The ''Oracle'' owed its origins to a split in Robert Owen's Universal Community Society. For the early background, see the Wikipedia article for Charles Southwell. The first issue of the weekly ''Oracle'' was published on 6 November 1841 (price: 1d), and the last issue was dated 2 December 1843 (). It was published 6 November 1841 to 8 January 1842, then there was a gap before publication was resumed from 12 February 1842 to 2 December 1843.〔Royle 1974, p.321.〕 According to Royle (1974, p. 74), it was "at first highly successful, selling on average about four thousand copies a week." The first editor of the ''Oracle'' was Charles Southwell. George Jacob Holyoake took over when Southwell was imprisoned, and when Holyoake was imprisoned Thomas Paterson became editor. When Paterson was gaoled, William Chilton took over.
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